The condition can be difficult to tell apart from other conditions, as well as from high levels of activity within the range of normal behavior.ĪDHD management recommendations vary by country and usually involve some combination of medications, counseling, and lifestyle changes.
In adults, hyperactivity is usually replaced by inner restlessness, and adults often develop coping skills to compensate for their impairments. About 30–50% of people diagnosed in childhood continue to have ADHD in adulthood, with between 2–5% of all adults being diagnosed with the condition. ADHD is diagnosed approximately twice as often in boys than in girls, and 1.6 times more often in men than in women, although the disorder is overlooked in girls or diagnosed in later life because their symptoms sometimes differ from diagnostic criteria. Rates are similar between countries and differences in rates depend mostly on how it is diagnosed. As of 2019, it was estimated to affect 84.7 million people globally. It affects about 5–7% of children when diagnosed via the DSM-IV criteria and 1–2% when diagnosed via the ICD-10 criteria. Toxins and infections during pregnancy and brain damage may be environmental risks. Genetic factors play an important role ADHD tends to run in families and has a heritability rate of 74%. The precise causes of ADHD are unknown in the majority of cases. Although people with ADHD struggle to focus on tasks they are not particularly interested in completing, they are often able to maintain an unusually prolonged and intense level of attention for tasks they do find interesting or rewarding this is known as hyperfocus. ADHD is also associated with other mental disorders and substance use disorders, which can cause additional impairment, especially in modern society. In children, problems paying attention may result in poor school performance. For a diagnosis, the symptoms have to cause problems in at least two settings (such as school, home, work, or leisure time) for over six months. Some individuals with ADHD also display difficulty regulating emotions and have executive dysfunction. Hinshaw and others, Knowable MagazineĪttention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by excessive amounts of inattention, carelessness, hyperactivity (which can evolve into inner restlessness in adulthood), and impulsivity that are pervasive, impairing, and otherwise age-inappropriate.
"Women and girls with ADHD",, with Stephen P. methylphenidate, mixed amphetamine salts), atomoxetine, guanfacine, clonidine Psychotherapy, lifestyle changes, medicationĬNS stimulants (i.e. Normally active young child, conduct disorder, autism spectrum disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, learning disorder, bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, fetal alcohol spectrum disorder Inattention, carelessness, hyperactivity (evolves into restlessness in adults), executive dysfunction, impulsivityīased on symptoms after other possible causes have been ruled out People with ADHD may struggle more than others to focus on tasks such as schoolwork, but can maintain an unusually intense level of attention for tasks they find rewarding or interesting. Medical condition Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
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